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div>"Hoffrogge has done historians of the German Revolution and the Weimar Republic a valuable service by reconstructing the trajectory of a key figure in the revolution (and one of its most important early historians), and by enabling us to see these events through the different focus afforded by a leading protagonist of the workers’ councils"
—Andrew G. Bonnell, Labour History, Australia
“In this study of Richard Müller’s role in the German Revolution, Ralf Hoffrogge sheds light on one of the most important, and yet understudied, aspects of the upheaval: the role of revolutionary shop stewards and workers’ councils in the overthrow of the old order and the establishment of the new one…[T]his work provides a much-needed perspective on the German upheaval from the bottom up. It places Richard Müller’s long neglected role in the revolution at center stage, and reminds us of the revolutionary promise that was the German Revolution."
—William Smalldone, Against the Current
“Hoffrogge’s biography differs from those written about revolutionary icons like Liebknecht or Luxemburg for very practical reasons. The latter were from middle-class backgrounds and used to writing letters and articles offering biographers insights into their political but also private lives. An ordinary worker like Müller did not leave comparable records…Hoffrogge’s book is a first-rate invitation to think about a link between Richard Müller and the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and today’s still unfocused struggles against imperialist wars and capitalist exploitation”
—Ingo Schmidt, WorkingUSA
"The merit of Hoffrogge’s contribution is a capacity to translate his extensive research into a wide-ranging historical analysis and narrative of the role of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and Richard Müller. "
—Dario Azzellini
"Ralf Hoffrogge has authored an invaluable addition to the literature of German radicalism by detailing the life of one of the key leaders of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards."
—William A. Pelz
"Ralf Hoffrogge ... explores the complicated relationship between the Stewards and the various socialist political parties with great skill and discusses the emergence of a new kind of socialism amongst Müller and his colleagues, which did not focus on state power and centralization but rather on grassroots democracy and workers’ control, sometimes known as council communism."
—Dick Geary
"This study deserves special consideration because it addresses two of the main puzzles of modern German history: how did a supposedly strong state collapse in 1917 and 1918, and how did the SPD subsequently assume power? Already in the 1920s, Arthur Rosenberg pointed out that the Social Democrats followed a dual tactic of propagating but also preventing revolution. By clarifying the roles played in all this by Müller and the shop stewards, Hoffrogge has moved the discussion forward, showing the way in which revolutionary unrest spread and forced the Social Democrats into a much more active role than they had previously adopted."
Central European History

Author Bios

Ralf Hoffrogge, Dr. phil. (2013), University of Potsdam, has published monographs and articles on German labour history, including Sozialismus und Arbeiterbewegung in Deutschland - Von den Anfängen bis 1914 (Schmetterling Verlag, 2011). He has just finished a biographical study on the German-Jewish Communist Werner Scholem: Werner Scholem – eine politische Biographie (1895-1940) (Universitätsverlag Konstanz, 2014).

More Info

Publication date: December 22, 2015

Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Abbreviations
Sisyphus of the Revolution: A Preface, Wolfgang Wippermann
Author’s Preface

1 Introduction: A Forgotten Revolutionary
The Politics of Historical Interpretation
The Makers of the German Revolution
2 Background, Youth, and Early Union Activities: 1880-1913
From Farm to Factory
Müller’s (Very) Private Life
Fighting Taylorism with its Own Weapons
Bureaucracy in the Service of Agitation
3 Opposition to the Burgfrieden: 1914-1918
‘The Great Betrayal’
From Discipline to Opposition
Early Ambiguities and their Price
4 The Revolutionary Shop Stewards and Political Mass Strikes: 1916-1918
The Stewards’ First Political Strike: Protesting Liebknecht’s Arrest
Repression and the New Opposition
Müller’s Arrest and the April Strike
Marking Time under Repression
Preparing for the January Strike: Rising Discontent and the Bolshevik Example
The January 1918 Strike: Council Power Emerges
The Politics of the Action Committee and the End of the January Strike
Barth and Däumig lead in Müller’s Absence
Müller’s Return
5 The German Revolution in Berlin, 1918
The Stewards and the Spartacists: A Tale of Two Styles
Arming the Revolution
Outbreak
Council Power
The State of the Revolution
6 Chairman of the Berlin Executive Council: 1918–1919
Conflict, Caution and Counter-revolution
Loss of National Power
7 Richard Müller and the Council Movement: 1918–1919
The Council Movement in War and Revolution
The First Council Congress and the Triumph of Parliamentarianism
The Blocked Path to Socialism
Berlin’s January Uprising
Political Murder, Demoralisation, and the End of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards
Theorising Council Socialism
The March Strikes of 1919
After the Tumult
8 From Council Movement to Works Councils: 1919-1920
Council Ideal and Works Council Reality
Leading the Left Opposition in the DMV
Defeat at Nuremberg, Compromise in Stuttgart
The Works Councils Act, Armed Conflict and Party Split
DMV Political Divisions and the Works Council Centre
The first Works Council Congress 1920
The State of the Revolution in 1920
9 From Council Socialism to Party Communism and Beyond: 1920-1924
The Leninist Model and the USPD Split
The Communist Union Centre
The Red International of Labour Unions
Crisis in the Communist Party and the March Action of 1921
Post-March Crises and `Made in Moscow´ Resolution
The Revelation Affair
Müller, the unwanted Communist
10 Richard Müller as Historian of the German Revolution: 1923-1925
Müller’s Historiographical Approach
Müller as Publisher
11 Footnotes and Suppression - Richard Müller’s Impact on Historiography
The Millstones of Social Democracy and Marxism-Leninism
Müller in East Germany
Müller in West Germany
12 Break with Politics, Withdrawal into Private Life: 1925-1943
The DIV, the ‘Construction Issue’ and Union Fragmentation
Müller as Landlord
Drifting back to Social Democracy?
Returning to Obscurity
13 Conclusion: The Darkness of History

Bibliography
1. Printed Sources
2. Literature
About the Author
Index

Reviews

Series

Part of the Historical Materialism series.

Other books by the author